Computer Fundamental-VI

1. What type of program controls the various computer parts and allows the user to interact with the computer?
a. Utility software
b. Operating system
c. Word processing software
d. Database program

2. What is the term for unsolicited email?
a. Spam
b. Usenet
c. Backbone
d. Flaming

3. What is backup?
a. Adding more components to your network
b. Protecting data by copying it from the original source to a different destination
c. Filtering old data from the new data
d. Accessing data on tape

Computer Fundamental-V

1. How many options does a binary choice offer?
a. One
b. Two
c. It depends on the amount of memory in the computer
d. It depends on the speed of the computer’s processor

Computer Fundamental-IV

1. The component is required to process data into information and consists of integrated circuits-
a. Hard disk
b. RAM
c. ROM
d. CPU

Operating System-IV

1. Describe the Buddy system of memory allocation.

Free memory is maintained in linked lists, each of equal sized blocks. Any such block is of size 2^k. When some memory is required by a process, the block size of next higher order is chosen, and broken into two. Note that the two such pieces differ in address only in their kth bit. Such pieces are called buddies. When any used block is freed, the OS checks to see if its buddy is also free. If so, it is rejoined, and put into the original free-block linked-list.

Operating System-III

1. What is an Operating System (OS)?

An operating system is basically software that makes everything in the computer work together smoothly and efficiently. Basically, it controls the "overall" activity of a computer.

Operating systems have three basic jobs they must do:

•Control Hardware - The operating system controls all the parts of the computer and attempts to get everything working together.

•Run Applications - Another job the OS does is run application software. This would include Microsoft Office, WinZip, games, etc.

•Manage Data and Files - The OS makes it easy for you to organize your computer. Through the OS you are able to do a number of things to data including copy, move, delete, and rename it. This makes it much easier to find and organize what you have.

Operating System-II

1. What is DRAM? In which form does it store data? - DRAM is not the best, but it’s cheap, does the job, and is available almost everywhere you look. DRAM data resides in a cell made of a capacitor and a transistor. The capacitor tends to lose data unless it’s recharged every couple of milliseconds, and this recharging tends to slow down the performance of DRAM compared to speedier RAM types.

UNIX O/S Tutorial-III

1. What is the difference between Swapping and Paging?
Swapping:
Whole process is moved from the swap device to the main memory for execution. Process size must be less than or equal to the available main memory. It is easier to implementation and overhead to the system. Swapping systems does not handle the memory more flexibly as compared to the paging systems.
Paging:

UNIX O/S Tutorial-II

1. Brief about the initial process sequence while the system boots up.
While booting, special process called the 'swapper' or 'scheduler' is created with Process-ID 0. The swapper manages memory allocation for processes and influences CPU allocation. The swapper inturn creates 3 children:
the process dispatcher,
vhand and
dbflush
with IDs 1,2 and 3 respectively.
This is done by executing the file /etc/init. Process dispatcher gives birth to the shell. Unix keeps track of all the processes in an internal data structure called the Process Table (listing command is ps -el).

Computer System & Architecture

1. Fetch and decode are associated with the
a. I-Cycle
b. E-Cycle
c. Expansion slot
d. Expansion card

Computer Fundamental-III

1. ____________ is when the more power-hungry components, such as the monitor and the hard drive, are put in idle.
a. Hibernation
b. Power down
c. Standby mode
d. The shutdown procedure

Computer Fundamental-II

1. What menu is selected to cut, copy and paste?
a. File
b. Tools
c. Special
d. Edit

Computer Fundamental-I

1. What menu is selected to print?
a. Edit
b. Special
c. File
d. Tools

Difference between C/C++ and Java

1. A Java string is not implemented as a null-terminated array of characters as it is in C and C++.

2. Most of the Java operators work much the same way as their C/C++ equivalents except for the addition of two new operators, >>> and ^.

3. The comparison operators in Java return a Boolean true or false but not the integer one or zero.

4. The modulo division may be applied to floating point values in Java. This is not permitted in C/C++.

5. The control variable declared in for loop is visible only within the scope of the loop. But in C/C++, it is visible even after the loop is exited.

6. Methods cannot be declared with an explicitly void argument list, as done in C++.

7. Java methods must be defined within the class. Separate definition is not supported.

8. Unlike C/C++, Java checks the range of every subscript and generates an error message when it is violated.

9. Java does not support the destructor function. Instead, it uses the finalize method to restore the memory.

10. Java does not support multiple inheritance.

11. C++ has no equivalent to the finally block of Java.

12. Java is more strictly typed than C/C++ language. For example, in Java, we cannot assign a floating point value to an integer (without explicit type casting).

13. Unlike C/C++ which allows the size of an integer to vary based on the execution environment, Java data type have strictly defined range and does not change with the environment.

14. Java does not support pointers.

15. Java supports labeled break and labeled continue statement.

break has been designed for use only when some sort of special situation occurs. It should not be used to provide the normal means by which a loop is terminated.

16. The use of final to a variable is similar to the use of const in C/C++.

17. Overridden methods in Java are similar to virtual functions in C++.

18. Java does not have a generalized console input method that parallels the scanf in C or cin in C++.

19. Integer types are always signed in Java. There are no unsigned qualifiers.

20. Java does not define escape codes for vertical tab and the bell character.

21. In Java multidimensional arrays are created as arrays. We can define variable size array of arrays.

POINTS TO REMEMBER

• Difference Between Application & Web Server
• Difference between JAVA & .NET technology
• Remember the points about Java
• Difference between C/C++ & Java

Points to remember about Java

1. It is important that the name of the file match the name of the class and the extension be .java.

2. All functions (methods) in Java must be of some class.

3. Member functions are called methods in Java.

4. Creating two methods woth the same name but different arguements is called method overloading.

5. Method overloading allows set to methods with very similar purpose to be given the same name.

6. When a method makes an unqualified reference to another member of the same class, there is an implicit r reference to this object.

7. Java does not provide a default constructor of the class defines a constructor of its own.

8. When present, package must be the first noncomment statement in the file.

9. The import statement must follow the package statment but must also precede all other noncomment statements.

10. The full method or class name, including the package name, must be used when two imported packages contain a method or class with the same name.

11. Due to security reasons, it is not possible to perform file I/O operations from an applet.

12. When a simple type is passed to a method, it is dine by use of call-by-value. Objects are passed by use of call-by-reference.

13. It is illegal to refer to any instance variables inside of a static method.

14. All command-line arguements are passed as strings. We must therefore convert numeric values to their original forms manually.

15. A class member declared as private will remain private to its class. It is not accessible by any code outside its class, including subclasses.

16. The star form of import statement may increase compile time. It will be good practice to explicitly name the classes that we want to use rather than importing whole packages.

17. Interfaces add most of the functionality that is require for many applications which would normally require the use of multiple inheritance in C++.

18. When we implement an interface method, it must be declared as public.

19. If a finally block is associated with a try, the finally will be executed upon conclusion of the try.

20. Java uses pointers (addresses) intenally to store reference to objects, and for elements of any array of objects, However, these pointers are not available for use by programmers.

21. We cannot overload methods with differences only in their return type.

22. When a method with the same signature occurs in both the super class and its subclass, the method in the subclass overrides the method in he super class.

23. Every constructors must invoke its super class constructor in its first statement. Otherwise, the default constructor of the super class will be called.

24. A class marked as final cannot be inherited.

25. A method marked final cannot be overridden.

26. Subclasses of an abstract class that do not provide an implementation of an abstract method, are also abstract.