Cloud computing and its futures prospects

 Cloud computing refers back to the shipping of computing offerings over the net. It permits users to get right of entry to and make use of quite a few assets, which include digital machines, storage, databases, software program packages, and networks, with out the need for on-premises infrastructure or neighborhood hardware. Cloud computing is based totally on the principle of shared sources, in which a couple of customers can percentage and get admission to the identical pool of computing assets.

Applications of Cloud Computing:

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Provides virtualized computing resources, which include digital machines, garage, and networks. Users have control over the working systems and applications strolling at the infrastructure.

Platform as a Service (PaaS): Offers a platform and surroundings for developers to construct, install, and manipulate packages. PaaS companies manage the underlying infrastructure, working structures, and middleware, allowing developers to cognizance on coding.

Software as a Service (SaaS): Provides software applications over the internet, putting off the want for installation and preservation on man or woman gadgets. Users can get entry to programs immediately through an internet browser.

Data Storage and Backup: Cloud garage services offer scalable and reliable garage solutions for corporations and people. Data may be accessed and sponsored up from anywhere, making sure statistics sturdiness and availability.

Big Data Analytics: Cloud computing enables organizations to procedure and examine massive volumes of records effectively. It gives the computational energy and storage required for jogging complicated analytics algorithms on large datasets.

Internet of Things (IoT): Cloud platforms can join and control IoT gadgets, gather and examine sensor statistics, and enable remote manage and monitoring of IoT deployments.

Future Prospects of Cloud Computing:

Expansion of Cloud Services: Cloud computing is possibly to continue growing, with an increasing number of offerings being supplied. As era advances, we are able to assume new and specialised cloud services tailor-made to unique industries or use cases.

Hybrid and Multi-Cloud Environments: Organizations may additionally adopt hybrid cloud tactics, combining public and private clouds, to take gain of the scalability and value-effectiveness of public clouds whilst maintaining manipulate over sensitive data in private environments. Multi-cloud strategies, leveraging a couple of cloud companies, can even emerge as extra widely wide-spread to mitigate dealer lock-in and decorate resilience.

Edge Computing Integration: With the proliferation of IoT devices and the want for actual-time processing, aspect computing will integrate with cloud computing. By bringing computation and storage closer to the edge devices, it reduces latency, conserves bandwidth, and permits faster response instances for important packages.

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Cloud computing provides the necessary infrastructure for education and deploying AI and device gaining knowledge of models. As AI keeps to enhance, cloud systems will provide more specialised services, along with pre-trained fashions and automated device mastering tools.

Security and Privacy Enhancements: Cloud vendors will maintain to spend money on robust safety features to protect information and make certain privateness. Advancements in encryption strategies, identity control, and information access controls will enhance the safety posture of cloud services.

Quantum Computing within the Cloud: As quantum computing technology progresses, cloud vendors may provide access to quantum computing sources, enabling builders and researchers to test with quantum algorithms and solve complicated troubles greater effectively.

Overall, cloud computing offers awesome capacity for innovation, scalability, fee performance, and accessibility. It will in all likelihood play a important role in remodeling industries, enabling virtual transformation, and riding the adoption of emerging technologies inside the future.

Compare IaaS, PaaS , SaaS, NaaS, Idaas

Introduction

Cloud computing is used to set up a new connection on the local host or in server. In cloud computing we maintain the data on server and access the data using third party. cloud computing provide database for accessing data without in corruption.

What is PaaS, SaaS,and IaaS
SaaS used to provide application,
PaaS used to provide deploy customer application ,
IaaS used to provide storage capacity infrastructure .

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)
IaaS is used to provide infrastructure on the hardware or software in cloud computing. And it also provide local host disk spaces on the server . and maintain data using data block, firewalls, and also balance the data .

Example- Amazon, google computing engine. 

a. Provide base layer. 

b. Deal with virtual machine, storage , server, network and load data.

Characteristics of IaaS
· Resources are distributed service.
· Permits for dynamic scaling.
· Has a dynamic cost utility pricing model.
· includes multiple users on a single hardware.

PaaS (Platform as a Service)
PaaS is provide the cloud computing platform which include operating system, different programming language, error handling compiler, execution environment, and database web server, etc.
Example- Windows Azure, AWS Elastic Beanstalk.

a. It is a top layer of IAAS 

b. Runtime environment , Databases ( mySql, Oracle), Web Servers (tomcat etc)

Characteristics of PaaS
· Used tool to handle billing and and subscription management.
· Related with web services and databases.
· Support development team collaboration using solution of PaSS

SaaS (Software as a Service)

SaaS is provide accessing application software . and its refer on demand s/w . its setup installation of running application . in SaaS have a some client to access the software and just have to pay.

Example- Google Apps, Microsoft Office 365. 

a. it is a top layer of PaaS 

b. Application like email software(yahho gmail, rediffmail etc.) 

c. Sites for social network likes facebook, orkut.

Characteristics of SaaS
· Web access using commercial software.
· Software is managed from a central location.
· Software delivered in a one too many model.

Naas (Network-as-a-service)

Naas is used to proved network model to access the data using internet . and in there we create virtually network and pay using data subscription.
Example- network fire walls security .

Characteristics of NaaS
· Operation benefits for centralized.
· Optimal flexibility in capacity control.
· On-demand network resource usage procedure

Idaas (identity as service )

IdaaS is an authentication infrastructure that managed the identity of web server data and its also used by third party.
Characteristics of IdaaS
· Directory Services.
· Federated Services.
· Identity verification and Profile management. 

 

Iaas	Paas	Saas	Naas	Idaas
Infrastructure as a Service	Platform as a Service	Software as a Service	Network as a Service	identity as a Service
Infrastructure as an asset	License Purchasing	Software as an asset	network as an asset	identity as an asset
platform Independent.	Consume cloud Infrastructure.	maintain cloud components	simple flow level simulations	single sign-on services
Grid computing	Solution stack	Thin client.	High-level networking model	Impact of the global server
Avoid capital on hardware and human resources	Streamlined version deployment	Avoid capital on software and development resources	Scalability and multi-tenant isolation	Risk and Event monitoring

 

Role of SMAC in evolution of Digital India

Introduction:

Digital technologies which include Social, Mobility, Analytics and Cloud applications have emerged as a catalyst for rapid economic growth and citizen empowerment across the globe. This vision is to empower every citizen of the country of Bharat (India) with access to digital services, knowledge and information. Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY) has taken the collaborative approach towards achieving the three visions and 9 pillars of Digital India. DeitY has launched a digitally enabled platform called “MyGov” (mygov.in) to provide collaborative and participating governance.

 

The three visions digital India programs are

· Digital infrastructure as a utility to every citizen (Vision-1)

· Governance and services on demand (Vision-2)

· Digital empowerment of citizen (Vision-3)

 

There are Nine pillars of digital India program. They are as follows.

· Broadband highways

· Universal access to mobile connectivity

· Public internet access program

· e-Governance- Reforming government through technology

· eKranti- Electronic delivery of services

· Information for all

· Electronic manufacturing

· IT for jobs

· Early harvest programs

 

The Role of Social:

Social media like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn allows people to connect to share views, likeness, opinions anywhere and anytime without any delay. These interaction benefits corporate and the government analyze the data and make decisions regarding products and services. For this we require high speed internet so that as many as people from rural and urban areas can connect with each other and access various services online. While accessing any service their digital identity will be identify through Aadhar card. Since English is the official language of India accessing any service people from rural and urban areas will face problems. Therefore digital resources/services will be available in Indian languages so that human-machine interaction takes place without language barriers. This will create multilingual knowledge resources. Therefore social media will be basically used for marketing, internal collaboration and data analysis.

 

The Role of Mobility:

Mobility is the critical part of national e-Governance (NeGP) projects in India currently being implemented under Central and State levels. NeGP has performed various works such as stack holder needs analysis, project planning and measurement, process reforms etc. Perform survey and stockholder need analysis involve need of citizens at rural and urban areas, need of business, need of government employees at state and central level.

Based on the above survey and analysis central and state government perform large scale e-Governance project planning of service delivery through mobile phones, making the mobile phone the central of service delivery. This results participation of people from urban and rural areas in digital and financial space through mobile and banking, seamlessly integrated services, single window access to services, services in real time online and mobile platforms, digital transformed services for improving ease of doing business, making financial transactions online through internet banking, Rupay debit card etc. no cash transaction, leveraging GIS for decision support system, universal digital literacy at individual level etc.

Apart from this different services provided in rural and urban areas as mobile as the central point of delivery of all services given as follows-

· m-health (mobile based health and medicine consultancy)

· m-education (mobile based virtual education classrooms in local languages at all levels)

· m-biometric identity authentication (mobile based identity through Aadhar)

· m-agriculture (mobile based monitoring management, agri-extension advice and sale)

· m-elections (mobile based online voting based authentication)

· m-rural development (mobile based various rural development projects based on mobile)

· m-panchayat (mobile based panchayat services delivered on mobile)

 

The Role of Analytics:

Analytics refers to Big data. Big data means data available in both structured and unstructured form integrated with multiple, diverse, dynamic sources of information. In fact big data is defined as data that exhibit the 4V properties- value, volume, velocity and veracity. Analyzing this huge amount of data to get the pattern and relevant useful information is called analytics. Big data based analytics can be used in many of the campaigns and election results.

Availability of digital information in India is growing very fast. Data available in enterprise, the volume of data available by the government is also increasing. There are government funded initiatives such as data portal India or Aadhar which are promising directions to enable big data applications relevant to India.

 

There are many challenges to handle large set of data such as

· Efficient architecture and infrastructure of data capturing, data analytics, data delivery, data visualization and data management

· Making data driven decisions

· Data analytics from specification of e-Health, e-Education, e-Governance etc. are yet to be identified

· Integrating big data platform (such as Hadoop) into existing data warehouses

· Security and privacy issues of data being shared for analysis or public consumption are also important to address

· Discovering patterns, predictive analytics and other insights from big data is a non-trivial problem and provides lots of opportunities to innovate in the algorithm innovation

 

The Role of Cloud:

According to NIST definition Cloud Computing is a model for enabling, convenient, ubiquitous on-demand network access to a shared resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be gradually provisioned and launched with minimal management and service provider interaction. Cloud has five essential properties like on demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity and measured service.Apart from this Cloud Computing has three cloud service models (IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS), and four cloud deployment models (private, public, hybrid, and community).

Through digital India initiatives sharable public Cloud will be available through digital lockers or Digilocker. It enables the people to digitally keep their important documents like PAN card, passport, mark sheets and degree certificates. Digital locker also provide secure accessibility to Government issued documents. It uses authentication services provided by Aadhaar.

 

Cloud Computing has several challenges in India. They are outlined as follows:

· Achieve global leadership in India in Cloud Computing uses, services, offerings and innovation.

· Accelerate national adoption in Cloud Computing technologies, driven by local expertise.

· Develop an innovative framework for Cloud Computing initiatives in India.

· Different other aspects like interoperability, privacy and security.

· Create an environment for multi-stack holder partnership and joint progress.

 

There are also six trends of Cloud Computing.

1. Multinational companies are looking for new business growth opportunities using modern information technology solution. The SMAC has created interesting use cases for businesses. Therefore business growth and IT cost reduction is the ultimate goal.

2. Many leading IT industries in different fields are taking the entire business like Amazon- the World’s largest book store, iTune- the World’s largest music company, Facebook- the World’s largest social site etc.

3. Cloud is becoming a major evolution step in IT market. Its adoption basically depends upon client cost, service, multi-tenant technology and multi-shared delivery model.

4. Enterprise boundaries are getting redefined. Cloud based IT solutions integrated with social media and analytics bring higher value. Therefore IT companies need to integrate with their partners, suppliers and other areas of ecosystem.

5. Make in India initiatives will drive innovation relevant to India Cloud market. Since 2010 70% of India software is developed based on Cloud platform. These products can provide globalize solutions.

6. The combined Cloud service market (public and private) was $0.9 billion in 2011 while in 2015 it has increased up-to U.S $4.5 billion accounting to more than 3% of the global market.

 

Conclusion:

SMAC based IT solutions are identified as a multi-billion dollar prospect for the IT sectors in the world. The corporate and governments are increasingly adopting these technologies, as they become more agile with resource sharing within organization and seek more awareness about their customers to serve them better. Global IT market is being flourishing hugely with SMAC strategies fulfilling the needs in a well-organized manner and promising the prospects of the future of Digital India program. Last but not the list it is just the beginning of a digital revolution, and it will create more job opportunities in IT sector in next 5 years in India.

Cloud computing question bank series

Objective Type Questions:

1. Which resources are typically provided by an Infrastructure as a Service cloud computing delivery model?

A. applications                  B. virtual machines        C. virtual private networks        D. middleware software stacks

                                                                                

2. Which statement is true about a cloud computing environment?

A. It cannot be used to host location based applications.

B. It enables users to access systems regardless of their location.

C. It introduces latency as the servers are geographically dispersed.

D. It can improve a web server response time by having servers closer to the end user.